Abdel-Badeeh M. Salem Faculty of Computer & Information Sciences Ain Shams University, Abbassia, Cairo, Egypt abmsalem@yahoo.com asalem@eun.eg The term “ontology” is inherited from philosophy, in which it is a branch of metaphysics concerned with the nature of being. It began being used in artificial intelligence in the 1980s, and is now frequently used by computing and information science communities. Ontological Engineering refers to the set of activities that concern the ontology development process, the ontology life cycle, the methods and methodologies for building ontologies, and the tool suites and languages that support them. During the last decade, increasing attention has been focused on ontologies. At present, there are applications of ontologies with commercial, industrial, medical, academicals and research focuses. An ontology provides a common vocabulary for researchers who need to share information in the domain. The main objective of ...